MARMARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ PENDİK EĞİTİM VE ARAŞTIRMA HASTANESİ

The two-storey building opposite the Archaeological Museum is the first building built by Mehmet the Conqueror in Topkapı Palace. The summer mansion, dated 1472, is an early Ottoman example with Seljuk influence, with its facade enlivened with columns, iwan terrace and cut tile decoration. There is a long inscription on the entrance wall. The entrance section is a domed space, and there are vaulted rooms on the sides. Ceramics and tiles from the 13th-19th centuries Seljuk and Ottoman periods are exhibited in chronological order. 16th century Iznik tiles are important works of the museum. The mansion, built by Fatih Sultan Mehmet in 1472, is one of the oldest examples of Ottoman civil architecture in Istanbul. It was used as Museum-i Hümayun (Imperial Museum) between 1875 and 1891. It was opened to visitors in 1953 under the name of Fatih Museum, where Turkish and Islamic works were exhibited, and was transferred to Istanbul Archaeological Museums in 1981 due to its location.

The entrance of the mansion is single-storey, while the rear side is two-storey. There is a marble portico with 14 columns at the entrance. The entrance iwan is decorated with mosaic tiles. Various tiles and ceramics from the Seljuk and Ottoman Periods are exhibited in the mansion, which consists of 6 rooms and a central hall. There are approximately 2000 works in the museum and warehouses. There are around 2 thousand works from the Seljuk and Ottoman periods, dating back to the 11th-early 20th centuries, in the Tiled Kiosk Museum collections. The Museum's collections consist of works that existed when it was affiliated with the Istanbul Archaeological Museums Directorate in 1981 due to its proximity to the museum, and works found during archaeological excavations, acquired through purchase, donation and confiscation. Tiles and ceramics selected from these collections; There are Seljuk Period works in the room to the left of the entrance, Slip technique and Miletus work in the iwan on the left side opening to the outside, Iznik work in the five-cornered room with the middle hall, Kütahya work in the right corner room overlooking Gülhane Park, and Çanakkale work in the right iwan opening to the outside. It is exhibited in a layout starting from the left.

 

On the highest hill of Büyükada, the largest and perhaps the most beautiful of the Istanbul islands, is the Agios Georgios Greek Orthodox Monastery, popularly known as Aya Yorgi. This monastery takes its name from A.D. It is named after St. Georgios, an Anatolian (Cappadocian) officer in the Roman army, who was martyred by pagans for his Christian faith in the 3rd century and whose tomb is in Palestine today. According to existing rumors, the monastery has a history of more than a thousand years and dates back to A.D. It was built in 963 during the reign of Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros Phocas.

The miraculous icon of St. George was given as a gift by the Women's Monastery of Empress Irene in Büyükada. In the gold-sealed decree of the Byzantine Emperor Manuel Komninos dated 1158, Istanbul Islands and the monasteries there are mentioned, and the name Kodono is also mentioned among them. According to the 19th century historian Manuel Gedeon, this name is none other than the Aya Yorgi Kudunas (Çıngırakçı) Monastery in Büyükada.

 

Eyüp Sultan Mosque Eyüp Sultan Mosque has a rectangular plan and a protruding mihrab. The central dome rests on six columns and arches based on two pillars. There is a semi-dome around it, the tomb of Eyüp Sultan in the middle, a spring at the foot of the sarcophagus, and a centuries-old plane tree in the middle of the courtyard. The minarets of the mosque, which was repaired many times after 1458, the year it was built, were initially short, but new tall minarets were built in 1733. In 1823, the minaret on the sea side was rebuilt after being damaged by lightning. Sinan Pasha Pavilion in front of the main gate was demolished in 1798. In its place, there is a fenced set and a grass sofa under the shade of a large plane tree. There are four fountains at the four corners of the railing. These are called pilgrimage fountains and kismet fountains. After it was repaired, Sultan III opened the mosque and prayed. Since Selim was a Mevlevi, there are Mevlevi coins on the railings. The outer courtyard has two doors opening to the street. The inner courtyard has 13 domes supported by 12 columns. The middle of the courtyard is a fountain. The tomb has a single dome and 8 corners. At the entrance of the tomb, there is a water fountain to the right.

 

Kariye Mosque is a church building dedicated to Jesus, forming the center of the Chora Monastery, which was a large building complex during the Eastern Roman Empire. Since it is located outside the walls of Istanbul (Constantinos), the name Khora, which means outside the city, rural area in Greek, was deemed appropriate for the building. Kariye is the Turkish version of this name.

Although the exact construction date of the building cannot be estimated, it is known that it was rebuilt in the 6th century by Emperor Justiniaus (527-565) on the site of a ruined chapel outside the city. Since it was located near the Blackhernal Palace during the Kommenos Period, the church was used as the palace chapel in important religious ceremonies.

Yıldız Palace, the last example of Turkish Ottoman palace architecture, is located on Yıldız hill in the Beşiktaş district. Sultan Ahmed I had the first pavilion built on this land, which was used as a hunting ground by the sultans since the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566) and was registered in the Treasury. At the end of the 18th century, Sultan III. Selim had Yıldız Pavilion built for his mother, Mihrişah Sultan, and a fountain for his father. Sultan Abdülaziz, who usually lived in the Yıldız Mansion during the summer months, had the Büyük Mabeyn Mansion built, and later added the Malta and Çadır Pavilions to the outer garden and the Çit Pavilion to the main part.

 

The Military Museum and Cultural Site Command, located in Harbiye, Istanbul, is affiliated with the General Staff, Military History and Strategic Studies Directorate. The establishment of the Military Museum, one of the world's leading museums in terms of the richness and variety of collections, dates back to the 15th century. After the conquest of Istanbul in 1453, Hagia Irene Church was turned into a "Cebehane" where valuable war weapons, tools and equipment were collected. In 1726, all the materials in Cebehane were organized and a new establishment was established under the name of "Dar-ül Esliha". The foundation of modern museology was laid in 1846 with the efforts of Tophane Marshal Damat Ahmet Fethi Pasha, and this date was the first real establishment of Turkish Museology and the Military Museum.

After Ahmet Fethi Pasha, these collections in Hagia Irene were soon named a museum for the first time and named "Museum-i Hümayun". After the establishment of the museum organization, especially as the number of archaeological artifacts increased, these artifacts were moved to the Tiled Kiosk and the foundations of today's Istanbul Archaeological Museums were laid. Ahmet Muhtar Pasha enriched his weapon collections with announcements and official correspondence. A museum that is in line with today's contemporary museum approach has been created with its library, cinema, shooting range, publications, dressing room and mehteri. The Military Museum, which continued its activities in Hagia Irene until 1940, paused its activities for a while with the thought that the Second World War might spread to Turkey. After the danger of war disappeared, the works stored in the Maçka Armory in 1949 began to be exhibited again in the Military Academy Gymnasium building as of 1959. As this building became insufficient for the Military Museum collections over time and did not allow steps towards contemporary development, it was decided to use the old Harbiye building, whose restoration work has been carried out since 1966, as the Military Museum, and it was opened to visitors with a new arrangement on February 10, 1993.

The Carpet Museum, which is affiliated with the General Directorate of Foundations, is located in Sultan Ahmet Mosque Hünkar Kasrı in Istanbul. The building is the first example of the sultan's pavilions, designed as a structure where the Sultan could sit, rest and chat before or after prayer. Hünkar Pavilion, which was built together with the Sultan Ahmet Mosque, was built by Sultan Ahmet I between 1609 and 1617. Its architect is Sedefkâr Mehmet Ağa. The pavilion, which has survived to the present day with various repairs, has lost many of its original details and underwent its last major repair after the fire in 1949. It is learned from the list of items purchased in the construction book that the pavilion, whose original roof and decorations have been destroyed, was furnished with valuable fabrics, rugs and carpets. The carpet museum (Sultan Ahmet Mosque Hünkâr Kasrı) consists of two floors, with an entrance corridor on the lower floor, an exit ramp to the upper floor, and three rooms on the upper floor. Large-sized carpets are exhibited in the entrance hall and ramp on the lower floor, and small-sized carpets are exhibited in the rooms on the upper floor. It is the only museum in Turkey where only carpets are exhibited. The museum collection was created by collecting carpets of high historical and artistic value that have been donated to mosques in line with an old Islamic tradition for centuries.

There are 448 carpets in the carpet museum. 62 carpets are exhibited in rotation. Very rare carpets are exhibited in the museum, which contains original Turkish carpets. The earliest dated carpet in the museum, which has a very rich collection, is from XIV. It is a carpet from the period of the principalities in the 19th century. Among the exhibited carpets, XV. century early Ottoman Period carpets, XVI. And in the XVII. century classical period carpets (Uşak carpets, Bergama, Konya and Kula Carpets) XVIII. century Kazakh carpet, XVI. century Persian carpets, Caucasian carpets, Turkmen carpets, XIX. century Yağcıbedir Prayer Rug. XIX. The rarest examples of prayer rugs from the Kula, Gördes, Konya, Ladik and Milas regions of the 19th century are exhibited. The museum is closed to visitors due to restoration.

 

Pammakaristos Monastery Church, built during the Byzantine Period, is today known as the Fethiye Museum. The museum is located in Çarşamba District of Fatih District of Istanbul.

Pammakaristos Church was rebuilt on the ruins of the old church after the end of Latin rule in 1261. The northern part of the church is Hz. It is dedicated to Mary. In 1315, on the right side of the church, Hz. A small additional church (parekklesion) dedicated to Jesus was built.

After the conquest, the building was used as a women's monastery. The Patriarchate was moved here in 1455 and it was used as the Patriarchate until 1586.

Sultan III. During the reign of Murad II (1574–1595), Pammakaristos Church was converted into a mosque and named Fethiye Mosque.

The north church is still used as a mosque. Its walls are from the 14th century. The additional church, decorated with 19th century mosaics, was converted into a museum after it was repaired in 1938-1940.

Mevlevi lodges, which have combined music and science for centuries, have had a great impact on Turkish culture. Many people gathered around Mevlevi lodges have studied in many branches of fine arts and have made a name for themselves in their fields.

Galata Mevlevi Lodge, located at the top of the hill leading down to Yüksekkaldırım in the Beyoğlu district, is the oldest Mevlevi lodge in Istanbul. II. It was built in 1491 on the home farm of İskender Pasha, the governor of the reign of Sultan Beyazid. Its first sheikh was Mehmed Sema-i Çelebi.

Mevlevihane Sultan III. Even though it suffered a fire during the reign of Mustafa, the Mevlevi Lodge, which stands today, was built by the same sultan. Later, Sultan III. Selim and II. It was repaired during the reign of Mahmud and continued its operations until 1925.

Mevlevihane, which was repaired again between 1967 and 1972 and built as a social complex; It consists of a semahane, dervish cells, sheikh's office, sultan's gathering place, sisters' section, library, public fountain, muvakkithane, kitchen, tombs and treasury. There is a repair inscription of Sultan Abdülmecid on the entrance door of this wooden part, which is used as Semahane Museum, and it is dated 1853.

The building has an octagonal plan and is one of the fine examples of the 18th century Baroque style. In this section, Turkish musical instruments and works of Mevlevi culture are exhibited. In the upper part, which is separated by wooden cages, there are, in chronological order, the divans of the divan poets and the manuscripts of Şeyh Galib, İsmail Ankaravî, Mısır and Fasih Dedeler, who were educated in the Mevlevi Lodge, and the poet Leylâ Hanım.

Opened as a museum in 1975, Galata Mevlevi Lodge, also known as Kulekapı Mevlevi Lodge, is one of the institutions that reflect the culture and art of its period.

Located within the Central Campus of Istanbul University, Beyazıt Tower was built in 1749 in the Beyazıt district of Istanbul to monitor and report fires. The tower, which has a height of 85 meters, was originally built of wood but burned down in the Cibali fire in 1756. The tower, which was rebuilt in 1826, burned again during the Janissary uprising. Beyazıt Tower was built for the third time by architect Senekerim Balyan in 1828 during the reign of Sultan Mahmud II.

The building, designed by taking the Tacettin Lodge in Ankara as an example, is used as a museum. The cultural center consists of an artist's working hall, backstage, backstage and other technical volumes on the basement floor. On the ground floor, there is a multi-purpose hall with a capacity of 221 people, entrance, security room, cafeteria, inner courtyard and inner garden. There is a director room, library, VIP study room, cultural center management office on the 1st floor, and seminar halls on the 2nd floor.

While the Cultural Center reflects today's architecture with current materials and modern style, the building designed as Tacettin Lodge reflects our traditional architecture in accordance with its original.

Islamic Science Historian The museum, opened by Prof. Dr. Fuat Sezgin in May 2008, is located in the Has Barns Building adjacent to the palace city wall in Gülhane Park. The museum, which has an exhibition area of 3,500 square meters, is considered the second exemplary museum in the world after Frankfurt, with a total of 570 tools, models and models.

The works compiled through years of intensive scientific and historical studies on Arab-Islamic manuscripts have formed the basis of the works that enable a unique journey for its visitors today. The museum offers the opportunity to comprehensively follow the evolution of the history of science in different disciplines. Works belonging to the fields of astronomy, geography, navigation, time measurement, geometry, optics, medicine, chemistry, mineralogy, physics, technology, architecture and warfare techniques are exhibited in a systematic order.

The Museum of the History of Islamic Science and Technology sheds light on the present and the future by revealing the aesthetic and instructive nature of scientific works as well as the process of the past Islamic world in the history of science by revealing artifacts and documents.